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[Brain abscess secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, case report (author's transl)]

Insights

A brain abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was successfully treated in a 27-year-old man. The abscess was secondary to a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, which was also surgically removed.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can lead to paradoxical embolism and brain abscess formation.
  • Patients with PAVMs may present with cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia, and hypercapnia due to right-to-left shunting.
  • Brain abscess is a serious intracranial infection requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old man presented with headache and left homonymous hemianopsia.
  • Physical examination revealed generalized cyanosis and clubbing, indicative of polycythemia and hypercapnia.
  • Cerebral angiography (CAG), vertebral angiography (VAG), and brain imaging confirmed a brain abscess in the right parietal lobe.

Findings:

  • Surgical excision of the right parietal lobe brain abscess was successful.
  • The underlying cause was identified as a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the right lower lobe, which was also surgically excised.
  • Cultures from the brain abscess identified Peptostreptococcus anaerobius as the causative agent.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering PAVMs in young patients with neurological symptoms and cyanosis.
  • Early diagnosis and management of both PAVMs and secondary brain abscesses are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration between neurologists, thoracic surgeons, and infectious disease specialists is essential for comprehensive patient care.

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