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Physiologic programming of the fetus

J R Seckl1

  • 1Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, United Kingdom, USA. J.Seckl@ed.ac.uk

Clinics in Perinatology
|January 19, 1999
PubMed
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Early life environmental exposures significantly impact adult disease risk. This "early life programming" can permanently alter metabolism, optimizing survival in harsh conditions but potentially harming health in less deprived environments.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Conventional theories often overlook early life environmental impacts on later disease risk.
  • Recent epidemiological findings highlight the substantial importance of early life factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the observed link between early life environment and adult disease risk.
  • To introduce and elaborate on the concept of early life physiologic programming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological findings.
  • Conceptual framework development for early life programming.

Main Results:

  • Early life factors can induce persistent physiological adaptations.

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  • Programming agents include growth factors, hormones, and nutrients.

    • Conclusions:

    • Early life programming permanently alters adult metabolism and responses.
    • Adaptations beneficial for survival in deprived conditions may be detrimental in less challenging environments.