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Association of apolipoprotein A phenotypes and oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes in children
1Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506, USA.
Insights
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in children. Small apolipoprotein A (apo [A]) phenotypes may predispose children to future coronary artery disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Pediatric Health
- Immunology
Background:
- Atherosclerosis development is linked to small apolipoprotein A (apo [A]) phenotypes and oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) in adults.
- The presence and associations of these factors in children are not well-documented, necessitating further investigation into early cardiovascular risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between oxLDL-ICs and apo(A) phenotypes in children.
- To explore the associations of oxLDL-ICs with other established cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- A survey was conducted on asymptomatic children aged 9-11 years, randomly selected from a cohort stratified by family history of premature coronary artery disease.
- Thirty-five children participated in a longitudinal cardiovascular health study, with apo(A) phenotypes influencing plasma oxLDL-ICs levels after controlling for lipids, body fat, and fitness.
Main Results:
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes showed significant correlations with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios.
- Correlations were also observed with total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and body fat percentage, though some reached only borderline statistical significance.
- Multiple regression analysis indicated that small apo(A) phenotypes, LDL cholesterol levels, and family history of premature coronary artery disease explained 54% of oxLDL-ICs variation.
Conclusions:
- Significant correlations exist between oxLDL-ICs and known cardiovascular risk factors in children.
- The association between oxLDL-ICs and the small apo(A) phenotype suggests a potential genetic predisposition to immune complex formation, a key factor in future coronary artery disease development.
Background:
Small apolipoprotein A (apo [A]) phenotypes and oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) are known to be associated with the development of atherosclerosis in adults. Presence of these factors in children and their relationships with other known cardiovascular risk factors have not been well documented.
Objective:
To examine the relationship of oxLDL-ICs with apo(A) phenotypes and other known cardiovascular risk factors in children.
Design:
A survey of asymptomatic 9- to 11-year-old children, randomly selected from a cohort of children stratified based on family history of premature coronary artery disease.
Setting:
A preventive medicine research institute.
Participants:
Thirty-five children with or without a family history of premature coronary artery disease who are participating in a longitudinal cardiovascular health study.
Main Outcome Measures:
The influence of apo(A) phenotypes on plasma levels of oxLDL-ICs after controlling for lipid/lipoprotein levels, percentage of body fat, and physical fitness.
Results:
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes were significantly correlated with the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.56, P< or =.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.64, P< or =.01), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.54, P<.05). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes were also correlated with total cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.49, P< or =.06) and percentage of body fat (r = 0.48, P< or =.06). However, they achieved only a borderline level of statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that small apo(A) phenotypes, levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and family history of premature coronary artery disease explained 54% of the variation of oxLDL-ICs using a parsimonious model (P = .001).
Conclusions:
Significant correlations exist between oxLDL-ICs and known cardiovascular risk factors in children. The association of oxLDL-ICs with the genetically controlled small apo(A) phenotype suggests that the genetic predisposition to immune complex formation may be an important determinant of future coronary artery disease.