The TATA-binding protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae oligomerizes in solution at micromolar concentrations to form tetramers and octamers

Equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation has been used to determine the stoichiometry and energetics of the self-assembly of the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30 degreesC, in buffers ranging in salt concentration from 60 mM KCl to 1 M KCl. The data are consistent with a sequential association model in which monomers are in equilibrium with tetramers and octamers at protein concentrations above 2.6 microM. Association is highly cooperative, with octamer formation favored by approximately 7 kcal/mol over tetramers. At high [KCl], the concentration of tetramers becomes negligible and the data are best described by a monomer-octamer reaction mechanism. The equilibrium association constants for both monomer <--> tetramer and tetramer <--> octamer reactions change with [KCl] in a biphasic manner, decreasing with increasing [KCl] from 60 mM to 300 mM, and increasing with increasing [KCl] from 300 mM to 1 M. At low [KCl], approximately 3 mole equivalents of ions are released at each association step, while at high [KCl], approximately 3 mole equivalents of ions are taken up at each association step. These results suggest that there is a salt concentration-dependent change in the assembly mechanism, and that the mechanistic switch takes place near 300 mM KCl. The possibility that this self-association reaction may play a role in the activity of the TATA-binding protein in vivo is discussed.