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[Renal and urinary tract abnormalities in small children]
1Børneafdelingen og organkirurgisk afdeling, Hillerød Sygehus.
Insights
Urological abnormalities occurred in 0.25% of young children in Frederiksborg County. Most cases were diagnosed prenatally or via urinary tract infections, with obstructive conditions being most common.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Medical Diagnostics
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Urological abnormalities in children require early detection and management.
- Prenatal ultrasonography and postnatal urinary tract infection (UTI) are key diagnostic pathways.
- Understanding the frequency and patterns of these conditions is crucial for healthcare planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and types of urological abnormalities in children under two years old in Frederiksborg County, Denmark.
- To analyze the diagnostic methods employed for these abnormalities.
- To compare findings with existing literature.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of medical records for children under two years diagnosed with urological abnormalities between 1994-1996.
- Data collection on diagnostic methods (prenatal ultrasound, postnatal UTI), specific diagnoses, and treatments.
- Calculation of incidence rates.
Main Results:
- A total of 35 cases were identified, representing an incidence of 0.25%.
- Prenatal ultrasonography confirmed 14 cases, while 21 were diagnosed postnatally following their first UTI.
- Obstructive uropathies (congenital hydronephrosis, megaureter, posterior urethral valves) comprised 57% of diagnoses. Surgical or medical treatment was required for 11 children.
Conclusions:
- The frequency and pattern of pediatric urological abnormalities in Frederiksborg County align with published data.
- Prenatal diagnosis and UTI-related presentations are significant diagnostic routes.
- Effective management strategies are informed by understanding diagnostic pathways and condition types.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate frequency and pattern of urological abnormalities in children younger than two years of age in the county of Frederiksborg, Denmark, with a catchment area of about 350,000 people, and furthermore to investigate in which way the urological abnormalities were diagnosed. From 1994-1996 a total of 35 children younger than two years of age were found to have urological abnormalities. Fourteen patients had a ultrasonographical prenatally diagnosed urological abnormality, which was confirmed postnatally. Twenty-one children were diagnosed with urological abnormalities after presentry with their first urinary tract infection. The obstructive urological diagnoses: congenital hydronephrosis, congenital megaureter and posterior urethral valves made up to 57% (20/35) of the abnormalities. Nine boys were operated upon; three for unilateral hydronephrosis, two for posterior urethral valves, one for unilateral megaureter and three for phimosis. Two girls were treated with oestrogen for labial fusion. Urological abnormalities which were treated were found among the ultrasonographically diagnosed abnormalities, apart from phimosis and labial fusion. The frequency of urological abnormalities was 0.25% in children younger than two years of age in Frederiksborg county. In conclusion, in 1994-1996 the frequency and pattern of urological abnormalities in Frederiksborg county was in accordance with the figures in the literature. Urological abnormalities requiring treatment were diagnosed in 11 children; 55% (6/11) ultrasonographically and 45% (5/11) by examination of the external genitalia of children younger than two years of age at the time of the first diagnosed urinary tract infection.