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Amniotic fluid testosterone levels in midpregnancy

H L Judd, J D Robinson, P E Young

Obstetrics and Gynecology

|December 1, 1976

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Amniotic fluid testosterone levels are significantly higher in male fetuses compared to female fetuses during midgestation. This finding suggests that measuring testosterone in amniotic fluid can effectively determine fetal sex in utero.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Prenatal Diagnostics
Fetal Development

Background:

Accurate determination of fetal sex in utero is crucial for various clinical and research applications.
Hormonal profiles during gestation can offer insights into fetal development and sex differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare amniotic fluid testosterone levels between male and female fetuses during midgestation.
To evaluate the potential of amniotic fluid testosterone as a marker for fetal sex determination.

Main Methods:

Amniotic fluid samples were collected from 135 pregnancies (58 male, 77 female fetuses) between 12 and 25 weeks' gestation.
Testosterone concentrations in amniotic fluid were quantified using a validated assay.
Statistical analysis was performed to compare testosterone levels between sexes and across gestational weeks.

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Main Results:

Significantly higher mean amniotic fluid testosterone levels were observed in male fetuses (223 +/- 10 pg/ml) compared to female fetuses (40 +/- 2 pg/ml) (P < 0.001).
The ranges for male and female fetuses were 104-424 pg/ml and 18-82 pg/ml, respectively.
While peak mean levels in males occurred around the 17th gestational week, no significant weekly variations were noted for either sex.

Conclusions:

Amniotic fluid testosterone levels exhibit a clear sexual dimorphism during midgestation.
These findings support the utility of amniotic fluid testosterone measurements as a rapid and effective method for in utero fetal sex determination during midgestation.