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[Effects of interferon-gamma on the central nervous system]

I D Surkina1, K G Gurevich

  • 1Scientific Center for Mental Health, Moscow State Medico-Stomatological University.

Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk
|September 27, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine, acts as both an immunomodulator and neuromodulator. It plays a crucial role in the central nervous system by influencing immune responses and regulating physiological processes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cytokine Signaling

Context:

  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is produced by both immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) elements, including neurons.
  • Neuronal and immune IFN-gamma share similar primary structures and utilize identical receptors on their respective cells.
  • This molecular identity highlights the intricate connection between the immune and nervous systems.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the dual role of IFN-gamma as both an immunomodulator and neuromodulator within the CNS.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which IFN-gamma influences immune reactions and control-regulation processes in the brain.
  • To explore the auto/paracrine functions of neuronal IFN-gamma in maintaining CNS homeostasis and regulating biological rhythms.

Summary:

  • IFN-gamma modulates immune responses in the CNS by inducing MHC class II expression on neurons and amplifying superoxide, NO, and prostaglandin synthesis.
  • It enhances immune cell activity through increased expression of adhesion molecules like ICAM in astrocytes and microglial cells.
  • Neuronal IFN-gamma exhibits auto/paracrine activity, contributing to CNS homeostasis and regulating daily biological rhythms, functioning as a key component of 'internal clocks'.

Impact:

  • IFN-gamma's ability to induce MHC class II on neurons is a unique immunomodulatory property.
  • The cytokine's influence extends to the regulation of cell elements within the brain and the neuroendocrine system.
  • IFN-gamma acts as a critical link between immune and neural functions, impacting both immunogenesis and control-regulation within the CNS.

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