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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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[Viral latency of HIV-1]

Sophie Bouchat1, Carine Van Lint1

  • 1Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de virologie moléculaire, Département de biologie moléculaire, 12, rue des Profs-Jeener-et-Brachet, 6041 Gosselies, Belgique.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|August 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) post-integration latency drives viral persistence and immune evasion in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Inhibiting HIV-1 transcription is crucial for managing latent reservoirs and developing effective anti-latency strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latency persists despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), characterized by residual viral load due to cellular reservoir reactivation.
  • Two forms of latency exist: pre-integration and post-integration, with post-integration latency playing a significant role in viral persistence and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and implications of HIV-1 latency, focusing on the critical role of transcriptional inhibition in post-integration latency.
  • To discuss the complexity of developing anti-latency therapeutic strategies due to the multifactorial nature of HIV-1 transcriptional inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on HIV-1 latency.
  • It examines the contribution of pre- and post-integration latency to viral persistence.
  • It highlights the importance of transcriptional inhibition in maintaining latency.

Main Results:

  • Post-integration latency significantly contributes to HIV-1 pathogenesis by enabling immune system evasion.
  • HIV-1 transcriptional inhibition is a critical factor in establishing and maintaining post-integration latency.
  • The multifactorial nature of this inhibition complicates the development of therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Post-integration latency is a major driver of persistent HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
  • Targeting HIV-1 transcriptional inhibition is essential for developing effective anti-latency therapies.
  • Understanding the complexities of HIV-1 latency is key to advancing treatment strategies.

Keywords:
HIV-1latencymolecular mechanismsreservoirstranscription

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