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Economía del desarrollo. economía del desarrollo. Un programa multifacético causa un progreso duradero para los más
Abhijit Banerjee1, Esther Duflo1, Nathanael Goldberg2
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA. Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 16, 2015
Resumen
Este estudio muestra que un enfoque integrado, que combina activos, capacitación y apoyo, mejora significativamente la situación económica y el bienestar de los más pobres. Estos efectos positivos en los medios de vida son sostenibles y duraderos, incluso después de que finalice la intervención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía del desarrollo Economía del desarrollo.
- Estrategias para aliviar la pobreza Estrategias para aliviar la pobreza
- Intervención social Investigación Investigación de las intervenciones sociales.
Sus antecedentes:
- El desafío persistente de la pobreza extrema requiere intervenciones innovadoras y efectivas.
- Los enfoques integrados que combinan el apoyo económico y social pueden ofrecer un camino para salir de la pobreza.
- Comprender el impacto a largo plazo de tales programas es crucial para la política y la práctica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la rentabilidad y el impacto de un programa integrado de mejora de los medios de vida para los más pobres.
- Evaluar la sostenibilidad de las mejoras económicas y psicosociales posteriores a la intervención.
- Para determinar la eficacia de una intervención de múltiples componentes en diversos contextos.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo seis ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) para evaluar el impacto del programa.
- La intervención incluyó la transferencia de activos productivos, el apoyo al consumo, la capacitación, el entrenamiento, el estímulo al ahorro y la educación / servicios de salud.
- La implementación del programa se adaptó a diversos entornos geográficos e institucionales con múltiples socios.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas y rentables en el consumo de los hogares, impulsadas principalmente por el aumento de los ingresos del trabajo por cuenta propia.
- Se documentaron impactos positivos en el estado psicosocial de los hogares objetivo.
- Los efectos beneficiosos sobre los medios de vida persistieron durante al menos un año después de la conclusión del programa.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones integradas y multicomponentes pueden mejorar de manera efectiva y sostenible la situación económica de los más pobres.
- Una intervención a relativamente corto plazo puede producir resultados positivos duraderos para los hogares empobrecidos.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la escalabilidad y adaptabilidad de este enfoque integrado para la reducción de la pobreza.
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