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Medición de la entropía de entrelazamiento en un sistema cuántico de muchos cuerpos
Rajibul Islam1, Ruichao Ma1, Philipp M Preiss1
1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Nature
|December 4, 2015
Resumen
Los investigadores midieron el entrelazamiento espacial en las partículas itinerantes utilizando la interferencia cuántica. Este avance permite la medición directa de la pureza cuántica y la entropía de entrelazamiento en sistemas complejos de muchos cuerpos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La mecánica cuántica
- Ciencias de la información cuántica
- Física de la materia condensada
Sus antecedentes:
- El entrelazamiento, un fenómeno cuántico clave, describe las correlaciones no locales.
- La medición del entrelazamiento es un desafío, particularmente en sistemas de interacción de partículas deslocalizadas.
- La medición experimental directa del entrelazamiento espacial en tales sistemas ha sido difícil de alcanzar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un método para medir el entrelazamiento espacial en sistemas de partículas itinerantes.
- Permitir la medición experimental directa de las propiedades de entrelazamiento en sistemas de muchos cuerpos fuertemente correlacionados.
- Para utilizar las mediciones de entrelazamiento para caracterizar las fases y la dinámica cuántica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la interferencia cuántica de "gemelos de muchos cuerpos" para medir el entrelazamiento.
- Control empleado en un solo sitio de los átomos bosónicos ultrafríos en redes ópticas.
- Preparó e interfirió dos copias idénticas de un estado de muchos cuerpos.
Principales resultados:
- Se midió con éxito la pureza cuántica, la entropía de entrelazamiento de Rényi y la información mutua.
- Demostró un nuevo enfoque experimental para cuantificar el entrelazamiento espacial.
- Proporcionó una nueva herramienta para estudiar las correlaciones cuánticas en sistemas complejos.
Conclusiones:
- El método desarrollado permite la medición directa del entrelazamiento en sistemas complejos de muchos cuerpos.
- Esta técnica allana el camino para caracterizar las fases cuánticas y la dinámica utilizando el entrelazamiento.
- Avanza en el campo de las ciencias de la información cuántica y la física de la materia condensada.
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