Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le Chatelier's...
Regulation of Water Output01:26

Regulation of Water Output

The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the aggregate...
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Mineralogy of a mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same author

In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the martian surface.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same author

Elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same author

Volatile and organic compositions of sedimentary rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same author

X-ray diffraction results from Mars Science Laboratory: mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale crater.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same author

The petrochemistry of Jake_M: a martian mugearite.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013

関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM
11:59

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

Published on: September 27, 2017

塩基岩溶融における水の拡散

Y Zhang1, E M Stolper

  • 1Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.

Nature
|May 23, 1991
PubMed
まとめ

塩基岩マグマの水拡散は,これまで考えられていたよりも速く,ガス放出と火山のプロセスに影響を与えています. この研究は,水に関する重要な洞察を明らかにしています.

科学分野:

  • 地質化学 地質化学
  • 火山学 火山学とは
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • 水は,陸上の玄武岩の中で最も豊富に存在する揮発性物質です.
  • 塩基岩溶融における水の拡散を理解することは,マグマの脱ガス化プロセスにとって極めて重要です.
  • 脱ガス中の揮発性分断は,マグマの進化と噴火のダイナミクスを影響する.

研究 の 目的:

  • 高温でベースルティック液体の水の拡散性を測定する.
  • 塩基岩溶融における水の種化と拡散機構を調査する.
  • 塩基岩溶融における二酸化炭素の拡散率と水の拡散率を比較する.

主な方法:

  • フーリエ変換赤外線光譜法 (FTIR) を使用して,水の濃度プロファイルを決定しました.
  • 水拡散実験は,1,300~1,500°Cの温度で,ベースルティック液体で実施されました.
  • 実験データを解釈するために,水濃度に依存する拡散モデルが採用されました.

主要な成果:

  • 塩基岩溶融における水の拡散性は,リオリート溶融よりも (30〜50倍) 大きく高い.
  • 水の拡散は,H2OとOH群の局所的な均衡を伴う分子H2O拡散を考慮することによって最もよくモデル化されます.
キーワード:
NASAの規律 エクゾバイオロジーNASAの規律番号52-20-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASAの規律番号52-20は,NASAの規律番号52-20で,NASA エクゾバイオロジープログラム非NASAのセンターです.

さらに関連する動画

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides
08:43

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides

Published on: May 20, 2019

Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers
11:43

Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers

Published on: March 24, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM
11:59

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

Published on: September 27, 2017

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides
08:43

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides

Published on: May 20, 2019

Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers
11:43

Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers

Published on: March 24, 2023

  • 塩基岩の溶融における水の拡散性は,以前の仮定に反して,CO2の拡散性を上回ります.

    • 結論:

    • 玄武岩溶融における高い水拡散性は,マグマの脱ガス過程における揮発性分化に影響を与える.
    • 拡散分断は,火山ガスと溶融のH2O/CO2比を変化させることができます.
    • これらの発見は,火山ガスの排出とマグマ室のプロセスを理解するための意味を持っています.