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繁殖:皮の幼虫における広範囲にわたるクローン化
Alexandra A Eaves1, A Richard Palmer
1Physiology and Cell Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada. aeaves@ualberta.ca
Nature
|September 12, 2003
まとめ
無性繁殖の希少な形態である幼虫クローニングは,海,砂ドル,海 ?? で観察されました. この発見は,幼虫のクローン化が皮動物における古代の特徴である可能性を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- エキノダームの研究
背景:
- 無脊椎動物の幼虫における無性繁殖は稀であり,ほとんど理解されていない.
- 幼虫のクローニングは以前は,海星と脆い星 (アステロイドとオフィウロイド) のみで記録されていた.
- 広範な研究にもかかわらず,無性繁殖は他の頭類のクラスでは検出されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- アステロイド群とオフィウロイド群を超えた皮類における自発的な幼虫クローニングの発生を調査する.
- 幼虫のクローン化がエキノダーマタ族内でより広範な現象であるかどうかを判断する.
- イチノダームとデウテロストームにおける幼虫クローニングの進化的影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 実験室での自発的な幼虫クローニングの観察.
- さらに2つのエチノデルマクラスから3つの種に焦点を当てます: Holothuroidea (海) と Echinoidea (砂ドルと海刺).
主要な成果:
- 海 (Holothuroidea) の種で自発的な幼虫クローニングが成功裏に記録されました.
- 幼虫のクローニングは,砂ドルと海刺種 (Echinoidea) にも観察されました.
- これらの発見は,幼虫のクローニングの既知の発生をさらに3つのエチノデルマクラスに拡大します.
結論:
- 幼虫のクローニングは,アステロイドとオフィウロイドに限定されず,ホロウロイドとエキノイドで発生します.
- 幼虫のクローニング能力は,Echinodermata. phylum内の古くから保存されている特徴かもしれません.
- この現象は,脊椎動物を含むより広範なデウテロストーム群に潜在的に広がる可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
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Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...

