間接的相互性は,二次的なフリーライダー問題なしに協力を安定させることができます
Karthik Panchanathan1, Robert Boyd
1Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture and Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. buddha@ucla.edu
Nature
|November 27, 2004
まとめ
間接的相互性から除外することは,フリーライダーを抑止することによって,費用のかかる協力を促進することができます. しかし,このメカニズムは,協力と評判が結びつかない場合,集団行動の初期進化を説明しません.
科学分野:
- 進化的ゲーム理論とは
- 社会的行動 社会的行動
背景:
- 大規模の人間の協力のモデルには,間接的相互性 (評判に基づく援助) と集団行動 (高価な集団利益) が含まれる.
- 集団行動の進化,特にフリーライダーの高価な処罰は,依然として十分に理解されず",二次的なフリーライダー問題"を提起しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 間接的相互性からの除外が集団行動を安定させることができるかどうかを調査する.
- このメカニズムが協力で二次フリーライダー問題を解決するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 進化的ゲームダイナミクスの理論的モデリング.
- 評判,排除,高価な刑罰を含む戦略の分析.
主要な成果:
- 間接的相互性からの排除は,進化的に安定した戦略であり,コストのかかる協力を奨励する.
- この戦略は,罰則者がフリーライダーから援助を差し控えることで評判を維持するため,二次的なフリーライダー問題を回避します.
結論:
- 間接的相互性からの除外は,集団的行動を維持し,特定の文脈で"二次フリーライダー問題"を解決することができます.
- しかし,このメカニズムは,間接的相互関係と協力関係が切り離されたときに,どのように集団行動が最初に出現するかを説明しません.
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