人種,民族,NIHの研究賞など
Donna K Ginther1, Walter T Schaffer, Joshua Schnell
1Department of Economics and Center for Science, Technology & Economic Policy, Institute for Policy & Social Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. dginther@ku.edu
まとめ
国立衛生研究所 (NIH) の資金調達において,人種間格差が続いている. 黒人またはアフリカ系アメリカ人の研究者は,資格をコントロールした後でも,白人申請者と比較して,NIHの研究者主催の研究資金を受け取る可能性が著しく低い.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- 健康の格差について
- グラント・ファンドリング・アナリスト 分析
背景:
- 研究者が主導する研究助成は,科学的進歩にとって極めて重要です.
- 資金の格差を理解することは,公平な研究支援に不可欠です.
- 米国国立衛生研究所 (NIH) は,米国における生物医学研究資金の主要な供給源である.
研究 の 目的:
- 応募者の人種/民族とNIH R01賞与確率の関連性を調べる.
- NIHの研究資金配分プロセスにおける潜在的なバイアスを特定する.
- 研究資金の公平性を促進することを目的とした政策介入の情報提供.
主な方法:
- NIH IMPAC II助成金データベースとThomson Reuters Web of Scienceからのデータを活用した.
- 異なる人種・民族のグループにおける資金提供確率を分析した.
- 教育,訓練,出版記録を含む応募者の資格をチェックする.
主要な成果:
- 優先度が高く評価された提案は,人種間を問わず均等に資金提供された.
- アジア系申請者は,白人申請者よりも4パーセントポイント資金援助を受ける可能性が低い.
- 黒人またはアフリカ系アメリカ人の申請者は,白人申請者よりも13パーセントポイントの資金援助を受ける可能性が低く,コバリアートをコントロールした後でも10パーセントポイントの格差が残っています.
結論:
- NIH R01の資金調達には人種差が大きい.
- 資格を考慮しても,黒人申請者は資金提供の可能性が低い.
- 研究資金配分におけるこれらの不平等に対処するために,政策介入が必要である.
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