核のアーキテクチャはHIV-1の統合場所の選択を決定する
Bruna Marini1, Attila Kertesz-Farkas2, Hashim Ali1
1Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Nature
|March 4, 2015
まとめ
ヒト免疫不全ウイルス1型 (HIV-1) は,好ましく核孔の近くに統合し,特定の活性遺伝子を標的とする. この核の位置付けは,ウイルスの遺伝子調節とHIV-1のライフサイクルにとって極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- ヒト免疫不全ウイルス1型 (HIV-1) は,特権的に転写的に活性な遺伝子に統合します.
- 活性遺伝子内のHIV-1統合の正確なメカニズムと位置は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- HIV-1統合部位の特定の核部位を調査する.
- HIV-1の統合と複製における核アーキテクチャの役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- HIV-1統合部位を視覚化するためのコンフォカル顕微鏡.
- 標的となるゲノム領域を特定するためのクロマチン免疫プレシピテーション.
- 核孔複合タンパク質と統合コファクターの分析.
主要な成果:
- HIV-1は,好ましくは,核の周縁部,すなわち核の毛穴の近くで統合される.
- 標的となる遺伝子は,感染前に活性転写マークを示します.
- 核孔での統合は,ウイルスの遺伝子調節のためのヌクレオポリンとの相互作用を容易にします.
- ウイルスインテグラーゼとコファクターであるLEDGF/p75とNup153は,周辺の統合に不可欠である.
結論:
- 核トポグラフィー,特に核毛孔領域は,HIV-1統合の重要な決定要因である.
- 統合部位の選択は,核の組織とクロマチンの状態によって影響を受けます.
- 核毛孔複合体は,統合されたウイルスゲノムの転写を調節する役割を果たします.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
1.2K
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
1.2K
Retroviruses
16.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
16.2K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
50.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.8K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
7.3K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
7.3K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
3.2K
3.2K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
3.5K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
3.5K


