開発経済学 開発経済学 多面的なプログラムは,極貧層にとって持続的な進歩をもたらします:6カ国の証拠
Abhijit Banerjee1, Esther Duflo1, Nathanael Goldberg2
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA. Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 16, 2015
まとめ
この研究は,資産,訓練,支援を組み合わせた統合的アプローチが,貧困層の経済的地位と福祉を大幅に改善することを示しています. 生計に対するこれらのポジティブな影響は,介入が終了した後でも,持続可能で長続きします.
科学分野:
- 開発経済学 開発経済学
- 貧困緩和戦略 貧困緩和戦略
- 社会介入 研究 社会介入 研究
背景:
- 極度の貧困という継続的な課題は,革新的で効果的な介入を必要としています.
- 経済支援と社会支援を組み合わせた統合的アプローチは,貧困から脱出する道を提供することができる.
- このようなプログラムの長期的な影響を理解することは,政策と実践にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 貧困層の生活改善のための統合プログラムによる費用対効果と効果を評価する.
- 介入後の経済的および心理的社会的改善の持続可能性を評価する.
- 複数のコンポーネントから成る介入の有効性を様々な文脈で判断する.
主な方法:
- プログラムの影響を評価するために,6つのランダム化コントロール試験 (RCT) が実施されました.
- この介入には,生産資産の移転,消費支援,トレーニング,コーチング,貯蓄奨励,健康教育/サービスなどが含まれていた.
- プログラムの実施は,複数のパートナーと様々な地理的,制度的環境に適応されました.
主要な成果:
- 統計的に有意で費用対効果の高い家計消費の改善が観察され,これは主に自営業収入の増加によって引き起こされた.
- 対象となる世帯の心理的社会的な状態に対する肯定的な影響が文書化されました.
- 生計に対する有益な効果は,プログラム終了後少なくとも1年間持続しました.
結論:
- 統合された,多要素の介入は,非常に貧しい人々の経済的地位を効果的に持続的に改善することができます.
- 比較的短期的な介入は,貧困層の世帯にとって,永続的なポジティブな結果をもたらすことができます.
- この調査結果は,貧困削減のためのこの統合的アプローチの拡張性と適応性を支持しています.
関連する概念動画
01:43Sustainable Development
15.5K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
15.5K
01:29Three Developmental Domains
1.5K
Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
1.5K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
4.3K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
4.3K
01:29Econometric Views (EViews)
695
Econometric Views, often stylized as EViews, is a package that merges statistical analysis with econometric studies. It is designed to provide tools for time series analysis, forecasting, and econometric model simulation. The software originated from MicroTSP software and has evolved significantly since its inception in 1981. The history of EViews is marked by a continuous effort to enhance its computational speed and user interface. It was initially developed for large computing systems but...
695
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
12.9K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
12.9K
01:30Impact of Individuals on Individuals
492
Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
492