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相关概念视频

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 24, 2026

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture
09:37

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

一种来自酸的强效,多用途的二硫化物降解剂.

John C Lukesh1, Michael J Palte, Ronald T Raines

  • 1Department of Chemistry, ‡University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
概括

狄氏甲胺 (DTBA) 是一种新的狄氏甲醇试剂,在减少二硫化物键方面表现优于狄氏甲醇 (DTT). 在中性pH值下,DTBA提供了增强的反应性,使其在生物应用中优越.

科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 有机化学 有机化学
  • 化学生物学 化学生物学

背景情况:

  • 滴硫醇 (DTT) 是用于降低生物分子中二硫化物键的标准试剂.
  • 由于质子化,DTT的醇组在中性pH下基本上没有反应,限制了它的有效性.
  • 需要在水溶液中使用更有效的二硫化结合降解剂.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍和描述 (2S) -2-amino-1,4-dimercaptobutane (dithiobutylamine或DTBA) 作为DTT的优质替代品.
  • 评估DTBA的化学特性,包括其pKa值和二硫化物氧化还原潜力.
  • 与DTT相比,评估DTBA在减少各种分子中二硫化物键的性能.

主要方法:

  • 通过适合大规模生产的高产阶段从l-酸合成DTBA.
  • 确定DTBA的醇pKa值和二硫化物氧化还原潜力 (E°').
  • 对DTBA和DTT在小分子和蛋白质中减少二硫化物键的比较研究.

主要成果:

  • 从l-酸中有效合成DTBA.
  • DTBA的醇pKa值大约比DTT低1个单位,在中性pH下增强反应性.
  • 对于小分子和蛋白质,DTBA表现出比DTT更快的二硫化结合减少动力学.

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High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli
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High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

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Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities
11:44

Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture
09:37

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

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High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli
12:16

High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

Published on: July 30, 2014

Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities
11:44

Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

Published on: October 2, 2018

  • DTBA的氨基组允许很容易的分离和结合.

    • 结论:

    • 对于减少水溶液中的二硫化物键,DTBA比DTT更有效的试剂.
    • 由于DTBA的反应性和结合能力得到了改进,使其成为生物化学和化学生物学应用的宝贵工具.
    • 合成DTBA可以进行大规模的工艺,从而促进其更广泛的使用.