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相关概念视频

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
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微RNA向的结构基础

Nicole T Schirle1, Jessica Sheu-Gruttadauria1, Ian J MacRae2

  • 1Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 1, 2014
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究揭示了Argonaute-2 (Ago2) 蛋白与microRNAs (miRNAs) 和目标信使RNAs (mRNAs) 相互作用的方式. 结构洞察力解释了保存的目标识别机制以及Ago2如何防止不必要的基因沉默.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 微RNAs (miRNAs) 是真核生物中基因表达的关键调节者.
  • 阿尔戈纳特蛋白质,特别是阿尔戈纳特-2 (Ago2),是miRNA功能的核心.
  • 了解Ago2-miRNA-mRNA相互作用机制对于破译基因调节至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明人类Argonaute-2 (Ago2) 与导向RNA和点RNA相互作用的结构基础.
  • 揭示Ago2.2对目标识别的逐步机制.
  • 解释序列独立和序列特定的识别特征.

主要方法:

  • 使用X射线晶体学来确定人类Ago2的结构.
  • 为Ago2单独结合指导RNA和与点RNA复合而获得结构.
  • 分析蛋白质核酸相互作用和构造变化.

主要成果:

  • Ago2 暴露特定的导向RNA核酸 (nt 2-5) 进行初始目标配对.
  • 目标结合会诱导形状变化,暴露更多的导向RNA区域进行识别.
  • Ago2利用小沟相互作用和腺结合口袋进行目标查询.
  • 一个离子协调机制防止了虚假的标RNA裂变.

结论:

  • 这项研究为miRNA介导的基因沉默提供了详细的结构机制.
  • 保存的动物miRNA目标位点识别模式是由观察到的相互作用解释的.
  • Ago2的结构促进了初始和广泛的目标识别,同时确保了特异性并防止了非目标效应.