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相关概念视频

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
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显式和隐式:残疾专业人员的无能化

Carli Friedman1

  • 1CQL | the Council on Quality and Leadership, 100 West Road, Suite 300, Towson, MD 21204, USA.

Disability and health journal
|June 4, 2023
PubMed
概括

残疾人专业人员往往对残疾人有无意识的负面态度,这会影响他们的工作. 解决这些隐含的偏见对于改善服务和打击残疾人部门的能力主义至关重要.

科学领域:

  • 关于残疾人的研究.
  • 社会心理学 社会心理学
  • 专业道德 职业道德 专业道德

背景情况:

  • 残疾人专业人士对残疾人的生活有很大的权力和影响力.
  • 他们在塑造有关残疾的社会知识和制度实践方面发挥着关键作用.

研究的目的:

  • 调查残疾专业人员对残疾的明确 (有意识) 和隐性 (无意识) 态度.
  • 探索这些明确和隐含的态度之间的关系.
  • 确定与这些态度相关的社会人口统计因素.

主要方法:

  • 一项涉及417名残疾专业人员的定量研究.
  • 使用符号能力度量 (SAS) 进行明确的态度.
  • 雇员残疾态度隐含关联测试 (DA-IAT) 隐含的态度.
  • 统计分析包括描述性统计,t测试和回归模型.

主要成果:

  • 大多数专业人士表现出明确的 (77.24%) 和隐含的 (82.03%) 对非残疾人的偏好.
  • 象征性能力主义是最常见的明确态度 (37.8%).
  • 种族,政治取向,工作类型,残疾状况和性别等社会人口统计因素与态度相关.
关键词:
亚比利主义 (ableism) 是一种信仰.障碍障碍是指残疾人的情况.关于残疾人的态度明确的态度明确的态度隐含的态度 隐含的态度

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结论:

  • 在残疾人专业人员中,负面的明确和隐含的偏见使能力主义延续.
  • 自我反思和解决内部偏见对于专业人士有效地为残疾人服务至关重要.
  • 如果不能对抗这些态度,就会对残疾人社区造成不利影响.