当机器人被故意伤害时,它们既被人类化,又被非人类化.
Marieke S Wieringa1, Barbara C N Müller2, Gijsbert Bijlstra2
1University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. m.s.wieringa@rug.nl.
Communications psychology
|September 6, 2024
概括
见证机器人受到伤害会增加它们感知到的思维能力,但这种效应不会被情感模拟放大. 伤害机器人也使人们看起来不那么亲社会.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人与机器人的交互
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
背景情况:
- 造成伤害的心理现象表明,观察对具有模两可的思想的代理人 (如机器人) 造成伤害,可以提高他们感知到的心理能力.
- 之前的研究表明,目睹伤害可能会导致人工智能在人工智能中增加心智归因.
研究的目的:
- 通过研究机器人情绪检测和模拟的作用来复制和扩展造成伤害的心理效应.
- 检查伤害机器人的行为是否会影响人们对人类亲社会性的看法.
- 分析伤害对机器人大脑感知的直接和间接影响.
主要方法:
- 现有关于造成伤害的心理效应研究的两项复制.
- 机器人情绪检测和模拟能力的实验操纵.
- 评估参与者的心理感知和对机器人的亲社会判断.
主要成果:
- 造成伤害的心理效应被复制,受伤的机器人获得了更高的疼痛能力.
- 根据机器人的情绪模拟能力,对造成伤害的心理效应没有发现显著差异.
- 伤害通过疼痛能力对心灵感知产生了积极的间接影响,但产生了负面的直接影响,表明了人类化和非人类化.
- 与善待机器人相比,当个人伤害机器人时,被认为是不太亲社会.
结论:
- 对机器人的故意伤害增加了他们对疼痛和思想的感知能力,但这种效果并没有受到他们的情感模拟能力的调节.
- 伤害机器人的行为导致相互矛盾的感知:增加人形化 (通过疼痛感知) 和非人化 (伤害的直接影响).
- 伤害机器人会对犯罪者的社会行为产生负面影响.
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