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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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开发基于益生菌的胰岛素输送系统.

Byung Chull An1, Jusung Lee1, Hye Yeon Won1

  • 1R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50, Aegibong-ro 409 beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员设计了一种新的单链胰岛素 (胰岛素-CBT1) 用于糖尿病治疗. 这种益生菌输送的胰岛素显示出治疗潜力,具有改进的特性和一种新的口服输送系统.

关键词:
脂肪细胞分化的差异化糖尿病 (DM) 是一种糖尿病.摄取葡萄糖的时间胰腺β细胞的增殖.单链胰岛素 (SCI) 是一种单链胰岛素.

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 微生物学 微生物学

背景情况:

  • 益生菌显示出对糖尿病 (DM) 的治疗潜力.
  • 开发具有增强性质和口服输送方法的重组胰岛素对于DM管理至关重要.
  • 目前的胰岛素疗法面临的挑战包括管理和潜在的副作用.

研究的目的:

  • 评估灵活链接对单链胰岛素 (胰岛素-CBT1) 特性的影响.
  • 与商业胰岛素相比,评估胰岛素-CBT1的生物抗糖尿病特性.
  • 开发和验证一种使用Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) 进行胰岛素-CBT1的新型口服输送系统.

主要方法:

  • 描述胰岛素-CBT1的物理和结构性质,重点关注灵活链接的作用.
  • 在体外评估胰岛素-CBT1对MIN6细胞增殖和3T3-L1细胞分化以及葡萄糖吸收的影响.
  • 通过设计Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) 来分泌胰岛素-CBT1.1,开发一个口服输送系统.

主要成果:

  • 柔性链接显著增加了胰岛素-CBT1的α螺旋体含量 (19.3%至25.6%).
  • 与商业胰岛素相比,胰岛素-CBT1表现出优异的MIN6细胞增殖 (增加1.75倍),3T3-L1分化和葡萄糖吸收率较低.
  • 基于Pediococcus pentosaceus的输送系统成功地将胰岛素-CBT1分泌到培养基中.

结论:

  • 工程化胰岛素-CBT1具有有利于糖尿病治疗的结构和生物特性.
  • 成功开发了一种基于益生菌的新型胰岛素-CBT1口服输送系统,为传统胰岛素输送提供了潜在的替代方案.
  • 这项研究为通过先进的生物技术和益生菌来管理糖尿病开辟了新的治疗途径.