比较地中海和西方饮食:中年老鼠的认知和微生物群影响
Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano1,2,3, Colin Harper1,3, Madison Prats1,2,3
1Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Current developments in nutrition
|October 10, 2025
概括
与西方饮食 (WD) 相比,地中海饮食 (MeDi) 显示了对认知功能的趋势益处,并显著改变了中年老鼠的肠道微生物群. 这种短期干预会影响大脑健康的生物标志物,建议饮食.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是老年人群日益关注的一个问题.
- 饮食模式显著影响大脑衰老和认知轨迹.
- 西方饮食 (WD) 与认知能力下降有关,而地中海饮食 (MeDi) 支持健康的大脑衰老.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较MeDi和WD对中年老鼠肠道微生物群和认知健康的影响.
- 调查MeDi是否保持认知健康并改变肠道微生物群组成,与WD相比.
- 评估短期饮食干预措施对大脑健康生物标志物的影响.
主要方法:
- 中年老鼠Fischer344被分配给MeDi,WD或饮食12周.
- 便样本进行了16S rRNA基因测序,以分析肠道微生物组成.
- 用Y迷宫,莫里斯水迷宫和辐射臂水迷宫来评估认知功能.
- 分析了与屏障完整性,质细胞活性和神经可塑性相关的海马基因和蛋白质表达.
主要成果:
- 与WD相比,MeDi消费显示了认知功能的趋势改善.
- 观察到不同的依赖饮食的肠道微生物表型,在28种细菌种群中存在显著差异.
- 与质细胞活性相关的海马基因表达 (GFAP,Iba1,TREM2) 与饮食发生了变化.
- 短期的饮食干预维持了血脑屏障的完整性和神经可塑性.
结论:
- 可能需要更长时间的饮食干预来观察由微生物群和神经生物学变化驱动的强有力的认知变化.
- 中年老鼠短期摄入MeDi显著影响肠道微生物群的组成.
- 饮食显著影响肠道微生物群和大脑健康生物标志物的基因表达,即使是短期干预.
相关概念视频
Development of Human Microbiota
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Gut-Brain Axis
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...


