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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
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Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Formal Charges02:42

Formal Charges

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In some cases, there are seemingly more than one valid Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. The concept of formal charges can be used to help predict the most appropriate Lewis structure when more than one reasonable structure exists.
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
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在模拟肠道液体中的药物溶解与脂性:充电是否重要?

Teodor Boyanov1, Liliya Vinarova1, Christophe Tistaert2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Molecular pharmaceutics
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概括

药物电离显著影响肠道溶解,影响口服吸收. 这项研究揭示了静电相互作用是充电药物的关键,推进了难溶药物的预测建模.

关键词:
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科学领域:

  • 药理动力学 药理动力学
  • 药物发现 药物发现 药物发现
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 药物溶解在肠液中对于口服吸收至关重要,并受到食物的影响.
  • 基于脂性性的肠道溶解现有模型是有限的,特别是对于电离药物.
  • 了解药物电离在脂性-溶解性关系中的作用对于准确的预测至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 扩大数据集并开发一个模型,阐明充电化合物的脂性和溶解之间的联系.
  • 调查药物电离对肠道溶解的影响.
  • 探索静电相互作用在药物溶解中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 确定26种疏水药物的水溶性,八醇-水分区系数 (LogP/D) 和在养状态模拟肠液 (FeSSIF) 中的溶解度.
  • 综合实验数据与文献值进行综合分析 (n=198).
  • 改变FeSSIF的pH值,以研究中性和充电状态下的药物溶解.

主要成果:

  • 在肠道溶解和LogP/D之间发现了良好的整体相关性 (R2=0.74).
  • 中性化合物与LogP有很强的相关性 (R2=0.89),但带电化合物与LogD失去了相关性 (R2=0.40).
  • 溶解度与中性状态 (R2=0.92) 的LogD有很好的相关性,但在充电状态 (R2=0.02) 则没有.

结论:

  • 静电相互作用显著影响了电离药物在肠液中的溶解.
  • 阳离子药物呈现出意想不到的低溶解度,而阴离子药物显示出相位分离.
  • 这些发现促进了对生物相关介质中药物溶解的理解,支持了改进的预测建模.