Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

6.0K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.0K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.7K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.7K
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.3K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.3K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

14.9K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
14.9K
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

13.3K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
13.3K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Training climate matters: programmatic openness, individual belonging, and trainee mistreatment in graduate medical education.

Medical education online·2026
Same author

Reprioritising consultation in scoping reviews: Clarifying purposes and practices.

Medical education·2026
Same author

When the Math Does Not Add Up: Rethinking the Small-Grant Economy in Medical Education.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same author

'I don't know what I don't know': A qualitative study of medical students' self-assessment in a Hong Kong context.

Medical teacher·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence tools in scholarly publishing: guidance for peer reviewers.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same author

The Presence and Nature of AI-Use Disclosure Statements in Medical Education Journals: A Bibliometric Study.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

Building CAR-E: A Novel Artificial Intelligence Agent for Coaching Conversations.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

Residents' Experiences with Personalized Learning in Postgraduate Training; Going Beyond Competency Based Medical Education.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

Learning Between the Lines: Anaesthetists' Conceptions of the Implicit Curriculum in Postgraduate Education.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

Essential Yet Invisible: Professional Identity Formation Among Academic Internal Medicine Hospitalists.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

Understanding Curriculum Implementation with Entrustable Professional Activities Through the Lens of Normalization Process Theory.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same journal

A Scoping Review of the Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Institutional Recognition of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Health Professions Education: Using Institutional Logics to Understand Inconsistencies.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.5K

健康职业教育中的自主学习:系统性审查和元分析.

Sean Wilkes1, Lauren A Maggio2, Paolo C Martin1

  • 1Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Perspectives on medical education
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

卫生专业的自主学习 (SDL) 教育可靠地提高了知识的获取. 然而,它对临床技能和行为的影响是温和的,突出了对SDL标准化定义的需要.

更多相关视频

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
04:34

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.6K
Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
10:07

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

19.5K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.5K
Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
04:34

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.6K
Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
10:07

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

19.5K

科学领域:

  • 健康 专业 教育 卫生 专业 教育
  • 医学教育研究 医学教育研究
  • 学习科学 学习科学

背景情况:

  • 自主学习 (SDL) 是健康专业教育 (HPE) 中的一个关键教育方法.
  • 穆拉德等人之前的基础工作. (2010) 确立了SDL有效性的早期证据.
  • 需要进行更新的评估,以反映当前的研究,并完善对SDL影响的理解.

研究的目的:

  • 系统地审查和元分析SDL在HPE中的有效性.
  • 检查SDL对知识,临床表现和行为结果的影响.
  • 调查SDL核心组件如何影响教育成果.

主要方法:

  • 从2009年到2023年,对主要数据库 (CINAHL,Embase,Medline,PsycINFO,Web of Science) 进行全面搜索.
  • 包括125项评估SDL干预措施的比较研究,其中48项符合元分析的条件 (74项效果大小).
  • 三级随机效应元分析和调节者分析,考虑职业,结果类型,SDL模式和调节者角色.

主要成果:

  • 发现SDL的总体效应小到中等 (科恩d=0.34),具有显著的异质性.
  • 作为一种干预措施,SDL与其他方法相比显示出更大的积极效果.
  • 大多数研究都集中在知识/技能 (基克帕特里克2级),对行为 (三级) 或患者/系统结果 (四级) 的报告有限.

结论:

  • SDL 始终提升健康专业学生的知识获取.
  • 在改善临床技能和行为方面,SDL的有效性似乎很小.
  • 在SDL定义和报告中的可变性需要为未来的研究和实践提供共识定义.