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Age differences in implicit memory: fragmented object identification and category exemplar generation.

P M Maki1, A B Zonderman, H Weingartner

  • 1Gerontology Research Center, Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. maki@mvx.grc.nia.nih.gov

Psychology and Aging
|July 14, 1999
PubMed
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Aging impacts implicit memory, affecting perceptual skills and priming. Even when explicit memory is controlled, age explains a small but significant portion of these changes.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Implicit memory, which operates unconsciously, is crucial for skill learning and priming.
  • Understanding how aging affects implicit memory is vital for cognitive health assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in implicit memory using fragmented object identification (FOI) and category exemplar generation (CEG) tests.
  • To determine the influence of explicit memory contamination on implicit memory measures.
  • To explore the relationship between age, explicit memory, and implicit memory performance.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 164 participants aged 21–91.
  • Administration of two implicit memory tests: fragmented object identification (FOI) and category exemplar generation (CEG).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of explicit memory, attention, and verbal fluency, with regression analyses to control for explicit contamination.

    • Main Results:

    • Impaired perceptual skill learning and decreased perceptual priming observed in individuals over 60.
    • Category exemplar generation priming was significantly impaired in participants over 80.
    • Age accounted for 4–13% of the variance in implicit memory measures after controlling for explicit memory.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging exerts a small but reliable influence on implicit memory functions.
    • Explicit memory can contaminate implicit memory test results, necessitating careful control.
    • Findings suggest potential frontal lobe involvement in age-related changes in implicit memory, as indicated by semantic fluency correlations.