Endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections

Various endovascular techniques have become viable therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of patients with many types of descending thoracic aortic pathology and aortic dissections. Descending thoracic aortic aneurysms can be successfully treated using stent grafts. This technique is less invasive and is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Patients who are particularly likely to benefit include the very elderly population; those with markedly compromised cardiac, pulmonary, or renal status; and individuals who have previously undergone complex operations on the thoracic aorta. Other endovascular methods, such as aortic flap fenestration, stent, or covering of the primary intimal tear in the descending thoracic aorta with a stent graft, have also been effectively employed in the treatment of peripheral arterial complications of aortic dissection. Despite the reported early success of these endovascular percutaneous methods, true assessment of the effectiveness of these various techniques awaits long-term follow-up evaluation in large patient populations.