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Surface analysis of failed oral titanium implants.

M Esposito1, J Lausmaa, J M Hirsch

  • 1Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|July 27, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Failed Brånemark implants showed no material-related issues. Surface analysis revealed no significant changes in oxide layer composition or thickness, suggesting factors like impaired healing or overload caused implant failure.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Dental implant failure can occur due to various factors, impacting osseointegration.
  • Understanding the surface characteristics of failed implants is crucial for identifying failure mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface topography, composition, and oxide thickness of failed Brånemark implants.
  • To determine potential causes of early and late dental implant failures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 22 failed Brånemark implants (10 early, 12 late) and 2 control implants.
  • Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for surface analysis.
  • Depth profiling was performed to assess oxide layer thickness.

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Main Results:

  • Failed implants showed tissue residues, unlike clean control samples.
  • Surface analysis revealed titanium oxide with contaminants like carbon, nitrogen, and other elements.
  • A consistent oxide layer thickness of 5-8 nm was observed across all samples.

Conclusions:

  • No significant changes in implant surface oxide layer composition or thickness were found.
  • Material-related causes for implant failure were not identified.
  • Possible failure reasons include impaired healing, asymptomatic infection, and mechanical overload.