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Dermatomyositis associated with malignancy. 12 case reports.

L A Dourmishev1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 22, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis (PDM) is more common in women over 40. This study found a significant association between dermatomyositis and internal malignancies, highlighting the need for cancer screening in DM patients.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness and a heliotrope rash.
  • A subset of DM cases, known as paraneoplastic dermatomyositis (PDM), are triggered by underlying internal malignancies.
  • Early identification of cancer in DM patients is crucial for improved outcomes.

Observation:

  • This study analyzed 50 adult DM patients, identifying 12 (24%) with associated malignancies (PDM).
  • The male to female ratio for PDM was 1:5, with a higher prevalence in females.
  • PDM was most frequent in patients aged 40-69 years.

Findings:

  • Associated malignancies in males included respiratory tract carcinomas.
  • In females, malignancies were primarily breast and genital carcinomas.

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  • DM preceded cancer diagnosis in 41.7% of PDM cases, while 58.3% had a prior malignancy diagnosis.

    • Implications:

    • Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis is more prevalent in females over 40.
    • The findings underscore a significant association between dermatomyositis and internal cancers.
    • Routine cancer screening should be considered for patients diagnosed with dermatomyositis, particularly older females.