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Pediatric sinonasal imaging: normal anatomy and inflammatory disease
1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Insights
This review details pediatric sinonasal anatomy development and common inflammatory disorders. It highlights imaging considerations and potential complications of sinusitis in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Otolaryngology
- Pediatric Anatomy
Background:
- Pediatric sinonasal anatomy undergoes significant changes from birth through adolescence.
- Understanding normal development is crucial for interpreting sinonasal imaging in children.
- Pediatric sinusitis presents unique challenges, including nonspecific imaging findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate normal sinonasal anatomy and developmental patterns in pediatric patients.
- To discuss key issues in pediatric sinusitis, including imaging indications and interpretation.
- To review common pediatric sinonasal inflammatory disorders and their complications.
Main Methods:
- Review of pediatric sinonasal anatomy and development.
- Discussion of sinonasal physiology relevant to radiographic interpretation.
- Illustration of common pediatric sinonasal inflammatory conditions and complications.
Main Results:
- Normal sinonasal anatomy and development patterns are described.
- Factors influencing pediatric sinusitis diagnosis, such as imaging and clinical information, are discussed.
- Common inflammatory disorders (cystic fibrosis, polyps, choanal atresia) and complications are presented.
Conclusions:
- Accurate interpretation of pediatric sinonasal imaging requires knowledge of normal anatomy and development.
- Clinical information is vital for diagnosing pediatric sinusitis due to nonspecific radiographic findings.
- Recognizing common inflammatory conditions and potential complications is essential for effective pediatric sinonasal care.
Abstract:
Pediatric sinonasal anatomy changes and develops from birth to adolescence. This article elucidates the normal anatomy and patterns of development in the pediatric population. Issues in pediaric sinusitis include indications for imaging, the nonspecificity of sinus opacification, and the importance of clinical information. Sinonasal physiology is briefly discussed to offer insight into the interpretation of radiographic findings. Cystic fibrosis, polyps, and choanal atresia, representing the spectrum of common pediatric sinonasal inflammatory disorders are illustrated, and the spectrum of orbital and intracranial complications of sinusitis is reviewed.