Nodal and nonnodal inflammatory processes of the pediatric neck

In the pediatric neck, inflammatory processes are common and usually are nodal in origin. Virtually every pediatric infection, including viral diseases, can result in dramatic cervical adenopathy. The differential diagnosis for a dominant pediatric node, however, is different from that in adults, with neoplastic disease occurring less frequently. When nonnodal cervical infections or abcesses occur, it is important to identify the source and involvement of major vessels, the airway, and the mediastinum. This article reviews common nodal processes and the complications of suppurative adenopathy. Nodal and nonnodal inflammatory processes are discussed, with emphasis on the clinical presentation and common imaging findings.