[Gender differences in schizophrenia. A literature review]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Genetics

Context:

• Gender differences in schizophrenia are increasingly recognized.
• Recent research challenges the traditional view of similar incidence and prevalence rates between sexes.

Purpose:

• To synthesize current research on gender disparities in schizophrenia.
• To explore variations in onset, course, clinical characteristics, treatment response, and familial patterns.

Summary:

• Men generally experience earlier schizophrenia onset and more severe negative symptoms.
• Women tend to show better premorbid functioning and a more favorable short-term prognosis.
• Neuroimaging reveals distinct morphologic and functional patterns, while family studies suggest a higher likelihood of familial illness in women.

Impact:

• Understanding these gender differences can refine schizophrenia diagnosis and inform sex-specific treatment strategies.
• Highlights the need for personalized approaches in managing schizophrenia.