Variance-Components QTL linkage analysis of selected and non-normal samples: conditioning on trait values
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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

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Published on: August 29, 2016
P C Sham1, J H Zhao, S S Cherny
1Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom. p.sham@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Abstract:
Standard variance-components quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis can produce an elevated rate of type 1 errors when applied to selected samples and non-normal data. Here we describe an adjustment of the log-likelihood function based on conditioning on trait values. This leads to a likelihood ratio test that is valid in selected samples and non-normal data, and equal in power to alternative methods for analyzing selected samples that require knowledge of the ascertainment procedure or the trait values of non-selected individuals.
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