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Related Experiment Videos

Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks.

S Y Bookheimer1, T A Zeffiro, T A Blaxton

  • 1Epilepsy Research Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. sbook@loni.ucla.edu

Neurology
|November 9, 2000
PubMed
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Reciting memorized prose reliably activates Broca's and Wernicke's areas, unlike simpler automatic speech tasks. This finding is crucial for mapping eloquent cortex in individuals with language impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Cortical stimulation mapping requires stable language task baselines.
  • Automatic speech tasks (e.g., counting) are used for patients with dysphasia or children.
  • Existing evidence suggests common automatic speech tasks may not sufficiently engage language cortices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify automatic speech tasks that reliably increase regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
  • Examine rCBF during varying complexity of automatic oromotor and speech tasks.
  • Determine which tasks elicit increased rCBF in key language processing regions.

Main Methods:

  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used to measure rCBF in eight normal volunteers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Scans were performed during rest, tongue movements, and three automatic speech tasks: phoneme repetition, reciting months, and reciting memorized prose.
  • Regional localization and laterality of activation were compared across tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • All tasks increased relative CBF in articulation and auditory processing areas.
    • Tasks using real words (months, prose) showed left-lateralized rCBF in Wernicke's area.
    • Only prose repetition demonstrated left-lateralized activation in Broca's area.

    Conclusions:

    • Repeating memorized prose reliably activates both Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
    • Common automatic speech tasks may not adequately engage language cortex.
    • Prose recitation is a potential alternative for mapping eloquent cortex in individuals with impaired language abilities.