Immunoanalytical techniques for pesticide monitoring based on fluorescence detection

In the field of environmental analysis there is still great potential for development and application of immunoanalytical techniques (IT). Heterogeneous and homogeneous immunoassays (IA), flow-injection immunoanalysis (FIIA) and immunosensors (IS) with different detection principles have been developed. In this review we focus on fluorescence methods for pesticide monitoring published since 1992. These techniques offer a high degree of selectivity and, in principle, sensitivity. Restrictions on the limits of detection (LOD) due to background signals are minimized by development of solid-phase separation systems, new fluorescent probes, and new instrumentation.