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Related Experiment Videos

Viral latency--the papillomavirus model.

T R Broker1, G Jin, A Croom-Rivers

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0005, USA.

Developments in Biologicals
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common and usually subclinical. Immunosuppression, such as in HIV/AIDS or post-transplant, reactivates latent HPV, leading to increased viral shedding and a wider range of HPV types.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are widespread and typically remain latent.
  • Immunosuppression is known to affect viral reactivation and shedding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and natural history of HPV infections in immunosuppressed women.
  • To monitor HPV DNA shedding in women with end-stage renal failure, kidney transplants, and HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Cervico-vaginal lavage samples collected at ~6-month intervals since 1996.
  • Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for HPV DNA detection.
  • DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease cleavage for HPV genotyping.

Main Results:

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  • High HPV prevalence (79%) and shedding of multiple types (up to 8) observed in the HIV/AIDS cohort.
  • 35 known and 9 novel HPV types identified; A3 subgroup types were most frequent in AIDS patients.
  • HPV prevalence in kidney transplant candidates/recipients was only slightly lower than in the AIDS cohort.

Conclusions:

  • HPV infections are extremely common and normally controlled by the immune system.
  • Immunosuppressive conditions trigger reactivation of latent HPV infections.
  • The persistence and diversity of HPV types suggest it may be part of the commensal microflora, with implications for latent DNA presence in tissues.