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Dimming supernovae without cosmic acceleration.

Csaba Csáki1, Nemanja Kaloper, John Terning

  • 1Theory Division T-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 17, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Very light axions can convert supernova photons into dimming light. This phenomenon, caused by extragalactic magnetic fields, mimics cosmic acceleration, offering an alternative explanation for supernova observations.

Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Supernovae at high redshifts are crucial for understanding cosmic expansion.
  • The accelerating expansion of the Universe is currently the standard model explanation for observed supernova dimming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel model explaining supernova dimming without invoking cosmic acceleration.
  • To investigate the potential role of axion-photon oscillations in extragalactic magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • A simple theoretical model was developed to describe photon-axion oscillations.
  • Simulations considered photon propagation through extragalactic magnetic fields.
  • The model's predictions for supernova luminosity distance were compared to observational data.

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Main Results:

  • Photon-axion oscillations can cause a significant dimming of distant supernovae.
  • This dimming effect saturates at approximately one-third of the light at very high redshifts.
  • The resulting luminosity distance-redshift relationship is nearly identical to that predicted by cosmic acceleration.

Conclusions:

  • Axion-photon oscillations provide a viable alternative explanation for observed supernova dimming.
  • Specific axion mass and coupling scales can replicate the effects attributed to cosmic acceleration.
  • This phenomenon challenges the standard cosmological model and warrants further investigation.