Clonal proteomics: one gene - family of proteins

The work presented here attempts to consolidate our knowledge on cellular transcriptome and proteome. It takes into account that a typical activated cell (lymphocyte) contains 40 000 mRNA molecules at any time, and it represents about 5000 different molecular species of transcripts. Such a cell has about 1 000 000 000 protein molecules, some of them being present at 10 000 000 copies while others at a very low copy number (say 1 to 10 copies per cell). By studying cell free expression of individual cDNA clones (or pools of known complexity) we address to those rare molecular components that will remain undetected by the current analytical means. For our analysis we use cell free translation systems (wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte origin) and we study polypeptide products originating from intact, or restriction endonuclease-treated cDNA clones. We conclude that in most instances expressed genes yield transcript(s) that translate into several, and often very numerous families of polypeptide species. In our ISODALT two-dimensional gel system we characterize the proteomic profile of the clonal polypeptide families in terms of their molecular mass, charge, multiple products, and appearance.