Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
Published on: December 15, 2023
[Clinical observe of the middle ear malformation]
1Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200081.
Objective:
To analyze the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of the middle ear abnormalities.
Method:
65 ears from 1967 to 1996 were reviewed. The degrees of the ossicular abnormalities were analyzed, operative effect were valued.
Result:
In the 65 ears, incus abnormalities was 57 ears (87.7%), stapes was 55 ears (84.6%), mixed malformation was dominant. 47 ears were operated with ossicular chain reconstruction. 44 ears (93.6%) had hearing improvement, 32 ears (68.1%) had obviously improvement (> 20 dB). They were followed up over one year, 44 ears had steadily hearing and had not any complications.
Conclusion:
If diagnosis and interference were all proper, operation would obtain good result.
Related Concept Videos
Anatomy of the Ear
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

