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Human masticatory muscle forces during static biting.

J C Nickel1, L R Iwasaki, R D Walker

  • 1University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Department of Growth and Development, 40th and Holdrege Streets, PO Box 830740, Lincoln, NE 68583-0755, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|February 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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This study investigated how masticatory muscle forces are controlled during biting. Muscle forces appear to align with minimizing joint loads or muscle effort, depending on individual factors and biting location.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human physiology
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Joint loads are determined by muscle forces, but the underlying control objectives remain unclear.
  • Understanding these objectives is crucial for fields like dentistry and physical therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if masticatory muscle forces during static biting follow principles of minimizing joint loads (MJL) or muscle effort (MME).
  • To compare computational model predictions with experimental electromyographic (EMG) data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed numerical models of masticatory muscle forces based on MJL and MME hypotheses.
  • Collected EMG data from six subjects performing static biting tasks targeting molar and incisor teeth.
  • Compared model predictions against measured EMG data using regression analysis.

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Main Results:

  • Muscle effort minimization (MME) predictions closely matched EMG data for molar biting.
  • Both MJL and MME models showed good agreement with EMG data for incisor biting.
  • Individual variations in muscle force control strategies were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Masticatory muscle forces during isometric biting are consistent with MJL or MME objectives.
  • The specific objective employed appears to be influenced by individual differences, biting location, and the produced moment.