Impedance measurements around grazing incidence for nonlocally reacting thin porous layers

For locally reacting materials with a constant surface impedance, a classical method based on the work of Chien and Soroka [J. Sound Vib. 43, 9-20 (1975)] for measuring this impedance in situ around grazing incidence is currently used. A generalization of this work to include thin nonlocally reacting materials with a surface impedance noticeably dependent on the angle of incidence is performed. It is shown that the model by Chien and Soroka can be used, though the constant surface impedance must be replaced by the impedance at grazing incidence for the evaluation of the numerical distance. Measurements performed on a thin porous layer using this method are compared with measurements performed using the near-field acoustical holography method [M. Tamura, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 2259-2264 (1990)]. Other measurements performed on a fibrous layer are in good agreement with the predicted values of the impedance at grazing incidence.