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Polydnavirus genome: integrated vs. free virus.

J-M Drezen1, B Provost, E Espagne

  • 1Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte and Institut Fédératif de Recherche Biologie des Transposons et des Virus CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France. drezen@univ-tours.fr

Journal of Insect Physiology
|May 29, 2003
PubMed
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Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are integrated into wasp genomes, evolving over 70 million years. Their unique genome evolution is driven by the reproductive benefits they provide to parasitoid wasps.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Polydnaviruses (PDVs) form obligate symbiotic associations with parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae).
  • PDVs are injected into hosts during parasitism, playing a crucial role in parasitism success.
  • PDVs possess a unique genome structure comprising multiple double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) segments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the integration and long-term evolution of polydnavirus genomes within their wasp hosts.
  • To understand the evolutionary pressures shaping PDV genomes due to their symbiotic relationship with wasps.
  • To explore the implications of PDV genome integration on the definition of viral genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Cytological analyses to confirm PDV genome integration into wasp genomes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genetic and molecular analyses to study PDV genome composition.
  • Phylogenetic studies utilizing fossil data to calibrate molecular clocks and estimate integration times.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytological and genetic evidence confirms the integration of PDV segments into the wasp genome.
    • Phylogenetic analysis estimates that PDVs in braconid wasps have been integrated for approximately 70 million years.
    • The evolution of PDV genomes appears driven by the reproductive advantage conferred to wasps, in the absence of horizontal transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • PDV genomes have a long history of endosymbiosis within wasp genomes, evolving under unique selective pressures.
    • The observed gene content variations in PDV genomes reflect adaptations related to wasp reproductive success.
    • The findings prompt a re-evaluation of the definition of a viral genome in the context of integrated polydnaviruses.