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Classical and quantum communication without a shared reference frame.

Stephen D Bartlett1, Terry Rudolph, Robert W Spekkens

  • 1Department of Physics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. bartlett@ics.mq.edu.au

Physical Review Letters
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
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Communication is possible without a shared reference frame using entangled quantum states. This method allows perfect fidelity transmission of classical and quantum information, approaching one bit or qubit per transmitted qubit.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Shared reference frames are typically required for classical and quantum communication.
  • Entanglement offers unique correlations that may enable communication protocols without shared frames.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of communication without a shared reference frame.
  • To quantify the information transmission rate in such a scenario.
  • To propose a practical optical implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing entangled quantum states to establish correlations between distant parties.
  • Employing linear optical components for quantum state manipulation and measurement.
  • Implementing Bell state measurements for information extraction.

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Main Results:

  • Achieved perfect fidelity communication without a shared reference frame.
  • Demonstrated that both classical and quantum information can be transmitted.
  • The communication rate asymptotically approaches one classical bit or one encoded qubit per transmitted qubit.

Conclusions:

  • Entangled states provide a viable resource for communication independent of shared reference frames.
  • The proposed optical scheme offers a practical pathway for implementing this novel communication paradigm.
  • This work advances the understanding of fundamental limits and possibilities in quantum communication.