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Contrast sensitivity in clinical practice.

D Hejcmanová1, J Peregrin, J Svĕrák

  • 1University Eye Clinic Hradec Králové.

Sbornik Vedeckych Praci Lekarske Fakulty Karlovy University V Hradci Kralove
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Contrast sensitivity (CS) is significantly reduced in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and after detached retina surgery. Renal transplantation shows potential for CS normalization, highlighting the link between renal and retinal health.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Contrast sensitivity (CS) is a crucial aspect of visual function, often affected by systemic diseases.
  • Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and retinal conditions can impact visual perception.
  • Understanding these impacts is vital for patient management and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate contrast sensitivity (CS) in various patient groups, including those with chronic renal insufficiency, post-retinal surgery, and other ocular conditions.
  • To investigate the relationship between renal function and retinal health as reflected in CS.
  • To assess the impact of treatments like dialysis and renal transplantation on CS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Vistech chart to measure CS across spatial frequencies (1.15-27.25 cycles/degree) at testing distances of 208 and 420 cm.

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  • Included a diverse cohort: healthy individuals, patients with CRI (waiting, dialyzed, post-neuroretinopathy), kidney transplant recipients, Alport's syndrome patients, post-retinal detachment surgery patients, aphakic/artephakic individuals, and those with intraocular hypertension.
  • Collected visual acuity (VA) data alongside CS measurements for all participants.

    • Main Results:

    • Healthy individuals showed age-related differences in CS, particularly at mid-spatial frequencies in older groups.
    • Patients with CRI exhibited significantly lowered CS, suggesting a link between renal and retinal function. Dialysis did not fully compensate for these deficits, but renal transplantation showed a tendency towards CS normalization.
    • Post-retinal detachment surgery patients had significantly reduced CS at low and median spatial frequencies, with lower visual acuity thresholds.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic renal insufficiency adversely affects contrast sensitivity, with potential for improvement after renal transplantation.
    • Ocular conditions like neuroretinopathy and complications from long-term cortisone treatment (lens opacity) significantly impair CS, even with normal visual acuity.
    • Contrast sensitivity testing is valuable for assessing visual function in patients with systemic diseases and post-ocular surgery.