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Updated: Aug 31, 2026

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions
Published on: March 4, 2021
From bacterial glycogen to starch: understanding the biogenesis of the plant starch granule
Steven G Ball1, Matthew K Morell
1Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, UMR 8576 du CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9-Cité Scientifique, France. steven.ball@univ-lille1.fr
Abstract:
Plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria synthesize storage polysaccharides by a similar ADPglucose-based pathway. Plant starch metabolism can be distinguished from that of bacterial glycogen by the presence of multiple forms of enzyme activities for each step of the pathway. This multiplicity does not coincide with any functional redundancy, as each form has seemingly acquired a distinctive and conserved role in starch metabolism. Comparisons of phenotypes generated by debranching enzyme-defective mutants in Escherichia coli and plants suggest that enzymes previously thought to be involved in polysaccharide degradation have been recruited during evolution to serve a particular purpose in starch biosynthesis. Speculations have been made that link this recruitment to the appearance of semicrystalline starch in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Besides the common core pathway, other enzymes of malto-oligosaccharide metabolism are required for normal starch metabolism. However, according to the genetic and physiological system under study, these enzymes may have acquired distinctive roles.
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