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Object-based attentional selection can modulate the Stroop effect.

Peter Wühr1, Florian Waszak

  • 1Institut für Psychologie I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. prwuehr@phil.uni-erlangen.de

Memory & Cognition
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
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Object-based processing amplifies the Stroop effect, where attention to an object enhances the impact of irrelevant words within it. This suggests that attended objects are processed more holistically.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Attention Studies

Background:

  • The Stroop effect demonstrates interference when processing a word's meaning conflicts with its ink color.
  • Object-based attention theory posits that attention selects entire objects, not just spatial locations.
  • Previous research established the Stroop effect but did not fully explore object-based influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of object-based processing in modulating the Stroop effect.
  • To determine if attention to an object enhances interference from irrelevant features within that object.
  • To compare Stroop interference when irrelevant words appear in relevant, irrelevant, or background objects.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using superimposed rectangles with color words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants named the ink color of a relevant rectangle while ignoring words within relevant, irrelevant, or background objects.
  • Word congruence (congruent, neutral, incongruent) relative to the color response was manipulated.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant Stroop effects were observed for words in both irrelevant objects and the background.
    • Crucially, words presented within the relevant object elicited larger Stroop effects compared to other conditions.
    • This indicates that attended objects undergo amplified processing of all their features.

    Conclusions:

    • Object-based processing significantly modulates the Stroop effect.
    • Attending to an object leads to enhanced processing of its features, including irrelevant semantic information.
    • These findings support the object-based view of attention and its impact on cognitive interference.