Anthocyanin transformation in Cabernet Sauvignon wine during aging

Anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines were elucidated by HPLC-MS/MS. Major anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon grape extract are malvidin 3-O-glucoside and malvidin 3-O-acetylglucoside. In matured wine, anthocyanins are transformed to anthocyanin-vinyl derivatives, ethyl bridged anthocyanin-flavanol adducts, and anthocyanin-flavanol adducts. The major anthocyanin pigments are malvidin 3-O-glucoside-pyruvate, malvidin 3-O-acetylglucoside-pyruvate, malvidin 3-O-coumaroylglucoside-pyruvate, malvidin 3-O-glucoside-4-vinylphenol, malvidin 3-O-acetylglucoside-4-vinylphenol, and malvidin 3-O-coumaroylglucoside-4-vinylphenol. The presence of syringetin 3-O-glucoside and syringetin 3-O-acetylglucoside has been established for the first time in grape and wine.