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Haematological changes in HIV infection.

S Sitalakshmi1, Anuradha Srikrishna, Prema Damodar

  • 1Department of Clinical Pathology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|March 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes significant hematological abnormalities, mimicking other blood disorders. Bone marrow analysis reveals characteristic changes like trilineage dysplasia and fibrosis in HIV patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is linked to diverse hematological abnormalities.
  • These abnormalities can present with peripheral blood and bone marrow findings that mimic myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, and T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify morphological findings in peripheral blood and bone marrow that are characteristic of HIV infection.
  • To aid in the diagnosis and understanding of HIV-related hematological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood smears from 42 HIV-infected patients over a 3-year period.
  • Examination of bone marrow findings in the same patient cohort.
  • Correlation of morphological findings with HIV status.

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Main Results:

  • Common peripheral blood findings included anemia, bicytopenia, and pancytopenia.
  • Bone marrow analysis revealed trilineage dysplasia, increased plasma cells and eosinophils, increased megakaryocytes, iron deposition, and reticulin fibrosis.
  • Granulomata were observed in the bone marrow of two patients.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow provides valuable insights into hematological changes associated with HIV infection.
  • Characteristic findings can help differentiate HIV-related hematological disorders from other conditions like MDS and MPD.