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The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q): development and initial validation.
Sophia Jowett1, Nikos Ntoumanis
1Loughborough University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, UK. S.Jowett@lboro.ac.uk
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|July 22, 2004
Summary
This study developed and validated the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) to measure the coach-athlete relationship. Findings confirm its multidimensional nature, encompassing closeness, commitment, and complementarity.
Area of Science:
- Sport Psychology
- Psychometrics
Background:
- The coach-athlete relationship is crucial for athletic success and well-being.
- Existing measures may not fully capture the multifaceted nature of this relationship.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a self-report instrument to measure the coach-athlete relationship.
- To assess affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of this dynamic.
Main Methods:
- Item generation based on qualitative studies and literature.
- Two validation studies with British samples.
- Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed.
Main Results:
- The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) was developed and validated.
- Results supported the multidimensional structure of the coach-athlete relationship.
- Key dimensions identified were Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity.
Conclusions:
- The CART-Q is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the coach-athlete relationship.
- The study confirms the complex, multidimensional nature of coach-athlete interactions.