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Deterministic controlled-NOT gate for single-photon two-qubit quantum logic.

Marco Fiorentino1, Franco N C Wong

  • 1Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers created a stable quantum logic gate using single photons. This optical controlled-not gate entangles photon polarization and momentum, advancing quantum computing hardware.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Linear Optics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Quantum logic gates are fundamental to quantum computation.
  • Implementing deterministic two-qubit gates with photons is challenging.
  • Previous methods often require active stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a robust, deterministic linear-optical controlled-not gate.
  • To entangle the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom of a single photon.
  • To develop a stable quantum logic implementation without active feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a polarization Sagnac interferometer.
  • Embedded a 45-degree oriented dove prism for qubit interaction.
  • Employed a single photon with coupled polarization and spatial modes.

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Main Results:

  • Successfully implemented a deterministic controlled-not gate.
  • Achieved entanglement between polarization and momentum qubits.
  • Demonstrated inherent stability due to a shared optical path.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical setup provides a robust platform for quantum logic.
  • This method offers a stable approach to photonic quantum gates.
  • Entangling spatial and polarization qubits advances scalable quantum information processing.