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[Dog as a mammalian genetic model]
Francis Galibert1, Catherine André, Christophe Hitte
1UMR 6061 Génétique et développement, CNRS- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2, avenue Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France. francis.galibert@univ-rennes1.fr
The dog model, with its unique genetic diversity shaped by domestication and selective breeding, offers significant potential for studying genotype/phenotype relationships and genetic diseases in both dogs and humans. Further development of canine genetic resources, like single nucleotide polymorphisms, is crucial for advancing research.
Area of Science:
- Canine genetics and genomics
- Comparative genomics
- Mammalian evolutionary genetics
Context:
- Dog domestication from wolves ~15,000 years ago led to over 350 breeds, creating genetic isolates.
- Selective breeding practices resulted in a unique panel of polymorphism within the canine species.
- Dogs offer a valuable model for studying genotype/phenotype relationships and genetic diseases.
Purpose:
- To summarize the unique advantages of the canine model in genetic research.
- To highlight the potential of dog breeds as genetic isolates for studying gene function and disease.
- To advocate for the development of comprehensive canine genetic resources.
Summary:
- Dogs, originating from a limited wolf ancestry and extensively bred, present unparalleled genetic polymorphism.
- Unlike traditional model organisms, diverse dog breeds serve as unique genetic isolates for allele studies.
- Genomic mapping and sequencing programs, alongside a robust single nucleotide polymorphisms resource, are essential for leveraging the canine model.
Impact:
- Facilitates understanding of genetic disease inheritance in both dogs and humans.
- Enhances insights into canine genetic diversity and evolutionary history.
- Supports the development of powerful tools for association studies of traits and diseases.
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